One of the most frequently asked questions is if there is a valid reason to use an ER70S-3 (S3) mig wire versus the more commonly used ER70S-6 (S6) wire. Both wires belong to AWS Specification A5.18 and can be used interchangeably in most applications because they provide almost identical mechanical properties. There is subtle difference between the two that can make you go one way or the other.
Higher amounts of silicon on ER70S-6 wire help it perform better over mild amounts of rust and mill scale. However, larger silicon islands are left behind.
Many years ago there used to be a clear difference in pricing between these two. The S6 wire contains more manganese and silicon. These elements act as scavengers that allows us to weld in steel that is not perfectly clean. It will perform better than S3 over mild amounts of mill scale, oil, dirt and rust. Also, the added silicon makes the welding puddle more fluid and provides better wetting at the toes of the weld, resulting on a more aesthetically pleasing weld bead.
It seems natural that the price would be higher. So many companies elected to buy S3 wire to save some money when the steel they were welding on was relatively clean.
Today there is no significant difference in price, maybe $0.01/lb. So, other than saving a few pennies, is there any advantage to using S3? Why do so many people still use S3 over S6? We have found 3 main reasons, only one which is truly legitimate.
1. The first reason we hear is the one mentioned above – PRICE. However, if you have been welding with S3 for a decade you may be surprised that you can get S6 for the same price or pretty close. This is due to the fact that the volumes of S6 are so great that the price has been reduced and made equal to S3 which has much lower volumes.
2. The second reason, which is used very often for many different topics is: “We have always done that [use S3].” When asked why, the typical answer is they don’t know. At times there is a welding procedure specification that will have ER70S-3 wire and that will be a legit reason to use S3 over S6. However, it may be worth looking into using S6, in most cases there is no need to requalify and it is as simple as changing the AWS classification on the WPS.
3. The last major reason, and the truly legitimate one for why S3 is used over S6 is the higher build up of silicon islands by the S6 wire. Because the S6 wire digs though impurities better than S3, it brings this “junk” up to the surface in the form of crystal-like silicon islands. This isn’t a problem whatsoever unless you paint your parts without cleaning the welds. When you paint over a silicon island it will eventually pop out leaving a spot without paint that becomes a nasty eye sore. A lot of automotive suppliers will use S3 because of this very reason.
Are you using ER70S-3 wire for a reason other than does stated above?
is that true in tig also that there will be no entrapment of slug as in mig ?
The only type of inclusions you should ever get in GTAW (tig) are tungsten inclusions. This happens when pieces of the tip of the tungsten are transfered through the arc and into the weld. You would see these inclusions on an x-ray. They show up as very bright white spots due to the much higher density of tungsten compared to the base metals (aluminum, steel, stainless steel, etc.).
The same thing happes with the ER 70-S2 and ER 70-S6, a lot, loooooooooooooooot, of tig welders that I have met constantly prefer weld with S6 rather than S2.
I prefer S6 filler but I have heard statements that support S3 because of the lower manganese content. Considering the differences in chemistry between the S3 and the S6, especially in regard to manganese content, are there any valid studies that support a reduction in manganese particulate emissions when using S3?
Hello Mark. Thanks for your comments. There is a white paper authored by Lincoln Electric dealing with exposure to manganese. This is not a study on effectiveness of measures but rather the proper approach to controlling it. http://www.lincolnelectric.com/assets/US/EN/literature/mc13151.pdf
From my experience, using ISO standards (specifically ISO 15614-1), the filler material classification is an essential variable and as such, we were forced to keep buying ER 70S-3 (TIG rods actually, not MIG wire), because of this, our WPS had to be with ER70S-3 all the time
That is correct. Most codes would require a new WPS going from an S3 to an S6. Thanks for sharing.